Working Principle of Brushed Motor

Working principle of brushed motor

The brushed motor is the first type of motor that everyone comes into contact with. The motor was introduced as a model in the physics class in middle school. The main structure of the brushed motor is the stator + rotor + brush, which obtains the rotational torque through the rotating magnetic field, thereby outputting kinetic energy. The brushes are constantly in contact and friction with the commutator, and play the role of conduction and commutation during rotation.

The brushed motor adopts mechanical commutation, the magnetic pole does not move, and the coil rotates. When the motor is working, the coil and the commutator rotate, but the magnetic steel and the carbon brush do not rotate. The alternating change of the current direction of the coil is accomplished by the commutator and brush that rotate with the motor.

In a brushed motor, the process is to arrange the two power input ends of each group of coils into a ring in turn, and separate them with insulating materials to form a cylinder-like thing, which is integrated with the motor shaft. Through two small columns (carbon brushes) made of carbon elements, under the action of spring pressure, from two specific fixed positions, press the two points on the upper coil power input ring cylinder to energize a group of coils.