Hybrid stepper motors, or HB stepper motors, combine the characteristics of Variable Reluctance and Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors. These motors operate by rotating their shafts in discrete steps when electrical command pulses are applied sequentially, making them ideal for precise positioning tasks.
Various control signals—including digital, analog, and communication protocols—can be utilized for both position and speed control in diverse applications. Jkongmotor offers a range of hybrid motor types, including standard models, encoder-equipped versions, IP65-rated motors, integrated drive and controller units, brake types, and geared variants.
As a leading manufacturer in the field, Jkongmotor excels in providing outstanding torque, speed, and step resolution. The typical step angles for hybrid stepper motors range from 200 to 400 steps per revolution. BesFoc also offers a selection of unipolar and bipolar hybrid stepper motors, featuring variations such as standard, gearbox, brake, closed-loop, linear, hollow shaft, IP65 waterproof, and integrated models.
A stepper motor is an electric motor that moves its shaft in precise, fixed-degree increments. Its internal design allows for accurate tracking of the shaft's position simply by counting these increments, eliminating the need for additional sensors. This level of precision makes stepper motors well-suited for various applications.
How a Stepper Motor System Works？
The operation of a stepper motor system is based on the interaction between the rotor and stator. Here’s how a typical stepper motor operates:
Signal Generation:
A controller sends a series of electrical pulses to represent the desired movement.
Driver Activation:
The driver receives these signals and energizes the motor windings in a specific sequence, resulting in a rotating magnetic field.
Rotor Movement:
The magnetic field from the stator interacts with the rotor, causing it to rotate in discrete steps. The number of steps taken corresponds to the pulse frequency emitted by the controller.
Feedback (Optional):
Some systems incorporate a feedback mechanism, like an encoder, to verify that the motor has moved the correct distance. However, many stepper motor systems function without feedback, relying on the precise control provided by the driver and controller.
Hybrid Stepper Motors Structure:
The structure of a hybrid stepper motor consists of several key components:
Stator, rotor, cover, shaft, bearing, magnets, iron cores, wires, winding insulation, corrugated washers and so on...
Working Principle of Hybrid Stepper Motor
The operation of a hybrid stepper motor relies on external control pulses and directional signals. The stepper motor driver energizes the motor windings in a specific sequence, allowing the motor to rotate forward or backward, or to lock in place based on its internal logic.
For instance, let's consider a 1.8-degree two-phase stepper motor:
When both phase windings are energized, the motor's output shaft becomes stationary and locked, with the maximum torque needed to maintain this position referred to as holding torque.
If the current in one phase winding changes direction, the motor will step one increment (1.8 degrees) in that direction. Conversely, if the other phase winding's current reverses, the motor will step in the opposite direction.
By sequentially altering the currents in the coil windings according to their excitation order, the motor can continuously rotate in fixed steps in the desired direction, achieving high operational accuracy. For a 1.8-degree motor, it takes 200 steps to complete a full revolution.
Types of Windings
Two-phase stepper motors can have two types of windings: bipolar and unipolar.
Bipolar Motors: Each phase has a single winding coil. Continuous rotation occurs by sequentially varying the excitation in the same coil, requiring eight electronic switches for the circuit design.
Unipolar Motors: Each phase consists of two winding coils with opposite polarities. Continuous rotation is achieved by alternately energizing these coils within the same phase, which simplifies the drive circuit to just four electronic switches.
Torque Difference: In bipolar drive mode, the output torque is approximately 40% greater than that in unipolar mode due to complete excitation of the winding coils in each phase.
